Fulani assumed control over the political authority of Hausa states in the mid nineteenth 100 years. After the incomparable Jihad war (1804-1810) drove by Usman Dan Fodio, the previous fourteen Hausa states were blended and afterward separated into two caliphates.
The eastern caliphate (which included states like Yola, Gombe, Kano, Zaria and Katsina) had Sokoto as its capital while the western caliphate (counting Ilorin, Argungun and Kontagora) had Gwandu as its capital.
Usman Dan Fodio turned into the head (Sarkin Muslim) of the entire Hausa land while the control of Sokoto (eastern caliphate) and Gwandu (western caliphate) went to Bello, Usman Dan Fodio’s child and Abdullah, Usman Dan Fodio’s sibling individually.
Besides, the Sokoto and Gwandu caliphates were partitioned into emirates for simple organization. Every emirate was a named going by an Emir from a few decision families with the endorsement of the Emir of Sokoto or Gwandu, contingent upon the emirate the determination was made. These lesser Emirs were capable to the Emirs of Sokoto and Gwandu separately.
Notwithstanding, in every emirate, the Emir was helped by certain authorities who were appointed to specific obligations. These authorities were:
Waziri who was the managerial official or head of the state;
Galadima who was responsible for the capitals;
Madawaki who was the commandant of the military;
Dogari who was the top of the police;
Maaji – the financier;
Sarkin Ruwa – the waterway fishing official;
Sarkin Fada – who was liable for the organization of the royal residence;
Sarkin Pawa – the top, everything being equal.
In the Hausa/Fulani pre-pioneer political organization, these authorities who were named by the Emir were counseled in running the issues of the emirate.
This is like the Yoruba political organization. Be that as it may, not at all like a Yoruba lord, power was concentrated in the possession of the Emir who had outright command over these authorities and could dismiss any of them at his will.
Every emirate was additionally separated into locale which was going by an authority known as Hakimi. The Hakimi was delegated by the Emir to administer the issues of each locale which included keeping up with harmony and request and assortment of assessments like Jangali (dairy cattle charge), Jizyah (land duty) and Zakat. The Hakimi was anyway helped with doing these capabilities by the town heads whom he delegated himself.
The legal organization of Hausaland depended on Sharia regulation which covered a large number of issues like marriage, separate, burglary, murder, obligation, etc. These regulations were deciphered by the Soluble base adjudicators in the Salt courts.
Every emirate could have more than one Salt court contingent upon its size. Nonetheless, issues that were not covered by the Sharia regulation were moved to the Emir court where the Emir could direct such issues.
The Emir should be cautious in making his regulations or decisions as they should not conflict with the desire of Islam religion which was the primary act of individuals in Hausa land.
For instance, the Emir couldn’t authorize the drinking of liquor in the emirate. Thusly, the regulative powers of the land can be supposed to be exclusively used by the Emir in agreement to the religion of Islam.
The Hausa/Fulani pre-provincial political organization was an exceptionally brought together one with the Emir having practically every one of the abilities. This was one of the principal justifications for why the Circuitous Rule Framework was exceptionally fruitful in the Northern piece of Nigeria (Hausa/Fulani realm).
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